Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnosis
Once a traumatic brain injury patient is stabilized, doctors can begin assessing the extent of damage. If the patient is conscious and capable of communicating, the doctor will attempt to acquire a detailed medical history. He or she will then perform a complete neurological evaluation to determine if there is damage that requires neurosurgical attention.

A number of X-rays, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may be necessary to examine the skull for fractures and intracranial lesions. Intracranial lesions include traumatic intracranial hematomas or hemorrhage, cerebral contusions or lacerations, or penetrating cerebral injuries (e.g., injury sustained from a gunshot wound).

Depending upon how the brain is injured, a person’s speech, movement, cognition, and behavior may be affected. A comprehensive neurological examination will reveal abnormalities including decreased motor function, sensory function, or reflexes; speech problems (aphasia or dysphasia); and/or seizures.

A neuropsychological exam may also be performed to assess mental status (such as disorientation, agitation, or confusion) and other changes in cognition, behavior, or personality.